Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disabling disease of the central nervous system commonly affecting young adults. MS is characterized mostly with autoimmune response. MS is more often transmitted to the next generation by mothers than fathers suggesting an epigenetic influence. Many gene expression studies have been undertaken to look at the specific patterns of gene transcript levels in MS. One of the possible reasons of this parent-of origin effect might be the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Major environmental risk factors for MS, vitamin D deficiency, smoking and Ebstein–Barr virus are all known to exert epigenetic changes. Further research is needed to establish mechanisms of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention in humans and to explore preventative strategies. This review highlight, the genetic factors, challenges, risks, and ways of prevention for better understanding of MS disease.