Hyperlipidemia is found in almost all patients with nephrotic syndrome. High cholesterol level is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and is well documented in text books. But in India there has been few, if any, studies regarding the levels of different lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in nephrotic syndrome. Thus, this study focuses on the changes in different fractions of lipids and lipoprotein levels as well as apolipoprotein concentrations, so that, if necessary, early treatment can be started to prevent complications of atherosclerosis. The study was planned on 25 children with nephrotic syndrome and 25 normal children. The Nephrotic cases were selected according to the criteria proposed by International study of kidney diseases in children (ISKDC) that is children with oedema, proteinuria, and hypoproteinemia. From the above findings and the literature evidence there is increasing risk of atherosclerosis. So it is useful to evaluate the lipid and lipoprotein levels early and treat hyperlipidemia in children who suffered from nephrotic syndrome. There is also risk of the progression of chronic renal failure. Hence care must be taken to early diagnosis and treatment to avoid further complications.