A prospective randomized study was conducted on 600 women undergoing cesarean section of which 300 received only single dose antibiotic and 300 received additional antibiotic for five days. The aim of the study was to find the pattern of use antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section and to compare the frequency of post-operative complications in both the groups. Misuse of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant strains. Therefore periodic surveillance may be of use. It is important to monitor infection rates within each institution to determine the effectiveness of the prophylactic antibiotic used and the types of infection that develop. In our study single dose antibiotic prophylaxis was as effective as the multiple dose in terms of post-operative morbidity and was cost effective too