The aim of this study was to systematically review the range, nature, and extent of current research activity exploring the influence of diet on health. The problem is most people are too limited in their knowledge about nutrition to stay healthy for their lifetime. Also, this literature review has wider implications in scientific research by assembling the latest information from several epidemiological and experimental studies on the agents found in nutrients that theoretically lower incidence of type 2, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Many relevant theories on the mechanisms behind these protective effects will be in one convenient location for all to study. The research question: If a person wanted to consume the healthiest diet possible for one day, what type and how much nutrients should they choose?