Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. It is the only nutrient deficiency which is also significantly prevalent in all industrialized nations. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in industrialized countries and in non-industrialized countries is 10–20% and 50–60%, respectively. Iron deficiency impairs the cognitive development of children from infancy through adolescence. It also damages immune mechanisms and is associated with increased morbidity rates. The importance of iron deficiency and anaemia as a public health problem has been increasingly recognized by health authorities and policy makers. Although efforts are targeted primarily to prevent iron deficiency, it is still the most common nutrient deficiency all over the world. Hence present study was planned for clinical evaluation of factors responsible for prevalence of anemia in childrens referred to hospital in north Bihar region. The present study was planned in Department of Paediatrics, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Darbhanga. Total 540 cases of the childrens were evaluated in the present study. Out of 540 cases there are 45 cases were found anaemic. Hemoglobin was estimated by Sahli’s method and expressed in gm%, peripheral smear was stained by Leishman’s stain. A detailed history was recorded with particular emphasis on symptoms suggestive of anemia such as weakness and easy fatigability, breathlessness on exertion, pica. A thorough clinical examination of every child was done especially for pallor, nail changes, glossitis, fundus of eye, cardio vascular involvement in form of tachycardia, haemic murmur, congestive cardiac failure, raised JVP and edema. Anaemia is still a major health problem in our country. Childhood anaemia still continues to be a significant public health problem in school children between 6-12 years. Nurses need to be aware of prevalence of Anemia among the school going children. Interventions should be implemented to increase the hemoglobin level in children. Nurses can educate parents, teachers and students regarding advantages of balance diet supplementation and intake of iron rich food.