Perinatal hypoxia is one of the most common primary cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. The National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2000 used a similar definition for perinatal asphyxia. It defined moderate asphyxia as slow gasping breathing or an Apgar score of 4-6 at 1 minute of age and severe asphyxia was defined as no breathing or an Apgar score of 0-3 at 1 minute of age. In cases of birth asphyxia most of the organ like brain, kidneys, heart, lungs can be affected but Kidneys are more sensitive to oxygen deprivation so they leads to renal insufficiency approximately within 24 hours of hypoxic ischemic injury. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for correlation the levels of serum electrolyte levels and renal parameters in cases of birth asphyxia. The present study was planned in Department of Paediatrics, Government Medical College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar. Total 40 cases of the newborns were selected in the present study. The 20 cases were of suffered from birth asphyxia and 20 cases are control cases. Cases were selected based on inclusion criteria and detailed clinical examination was done and physical findings were recorded on pre designed proforma after informed consent obtained from parents sample was collected and following investigations were done. Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal renal failure. Monitoring of blood levels of urea, serum creatinine, serum calcium and urine output helps in the early diagnosis and management of renal failure in birth asphyxia. The biochemical parameters in both blood and urine should be monitored. The renal indices should be calculated, as fractional excretion of sodium is preferred to classify the renal failure into pre renal or intrinsic renal failure as management differs for both entity.