Although juvenile periodontitis is rare among both healthy subjects and those with T1DM, some studies demonstrated differences in oral microflora in children with T1DM and documented the impact of metabolic control of diabetes on periodontal health, indicating a higher risk of periodontitis in children with T1DM. The results of studies on the association of diabetes and dental caries are inconsistent, and studies that examined various aspects of oral health among pre-pubertal children with T1DM are scarce. The aim of the present study was to compare the oral health of young children with T1DM with that of non-diabetic children. The present study was planned in the Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna From may 2018 to feb 2019. Total 100 cases were enrolled in the present study. The 50 cases were enrolled in the group A as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) cases and 50 cases were enrolled in the group B as control cases. All enrolled cases were belonging to the age group of 10–15 years. Despite the similarity between oral hygiene levels in children with type 1 diabetes and healthy children, the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontal diseases in children with type 1 diabetes was higher than healthy peers. The goal of therapy is to promote oral health in patients with diabetes, to diagnose diabetes in dental patients receiving routine stomatological care and to enhance the quality of life for patients with this disease. Hence, there is a need for appropriate health education as good oral health is important for diabetic individuals.