The cause of CHD is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the arterial wall initiated by an injury to the endothelium by activation of various factors for which apolipoproteins have been implicated. Moreover, lesion progression is sustained by interaction between modified lipoproteins (e.g. oxidized low density lipoprotein), lipid laden macrophage (foam cells), T-lymphocytes and the normal cellular constituents of the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis is also characterized by thickening of the arterial wall, which protrudes into and obstructs the vascular lumen. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of Apolipoprotein and Lipid Profile in Patients Diagnosed with the Coronary Heart Disease.

The present study was planned in Department of Biochemistry, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India. The 20 cases were enrolled in Group A as cases of coronary heart disease and 20 cases were enrolled in Group B as control cases for comparative study. Estimation of serum Apo A-I and Apo B were done by Turbidimetric Immunoassay, serum cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase- peroxidase (CHOD-PAP) enzymatic colorimetric end point method, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by direct enzymatic method and serum triglycerides by glycerol phosphate oxidase peroxidase (GPO-PAP) enzymatic end point method.

The data generated from the present study concludes that the levels of apo A1 and apo B are strongly related to CHD in addition to the conventional lipid profile. Our findings support the consideration of the measurement of serum Lipo-A as a screening tool for the risk of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, this study suggests the need for routine measurement of apo A1 and apo B in the diagnosis of CHD and thus helps in early detection of myocardial damage which warrants timely intervention leading to lowered morbidity and mortality.