Introduction: The purpose of this study was to highlight the explanatory factors for patients' relapse in tuberculosis care and screening centers in the city of Mbujimayi in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Method: In this study, we used the questionnaire survey method supported by the face type structured interview technique. Results: After analyzing the data, the following results were obtained: The explanatory factors for tuberculosis relapse cases in the city of Mbujimayi are: - T he low level of study (x ² = 8.09 P = 0, 000); - Lack of sufficient explanations for the disease (tuberculosis) (x ² = 5.49%, P = 0.019); - The long and difficult duration to respect (x ² = 9.18 P = 0.002); - The effect of eating without getting satiated; - Skipping a day without eating, drinking alcohol during treatment; cigarette consumption; consumption of other toxic substances; and cohabitation with an infected person; positive HIV status; lack of knowledge of certain risk factors for tuberculosis; the household size of more than 5 people in a home are factors that are statistically associated with the relapse of TB. - House hold size greater than 6 persons - The number of birthing rooms below 3 and - The history of tuberculosis in the household. Conclusion: Indeed, despite all the prevention and management actions aimed at eradicating tuberculosis, it remains a major global public health problem. Reason for which we ask the political authorities sanitary and administrative: to encourage the patients affected by tuberculosis to observe and respect the duration of taking of drugs envisaged by the program; strengthen the follow-up and home visits of tuberculosis patients declared cured finally to avoid the relapse of this disease and continue to sensitize the population on the risk factors of the relapse of tuberculosis.