Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) prevails in epidemic proportions in the Indian sub continent and other developing countries. Absence of vitamin D fortified food and strong culture obstacle for exposure to sunlight are major causes of VDD in India. Periodically large doses vitamin D supplementation is the only option to prevent VDD.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate calcium and/ or vitamin D supplementation of Indian child-mother pair.

Methods: This study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Intervention: Group A periodically provided total Shelcal tablet 3500 mg, Group B provided total Calcirol sachet 600000 IU with Shelcal tablet 3500 mg for child and Calcirol sachet 900000 IU with shelcal tablet 3500 mg for mothers in 15 days intervals from 0 day to 90 days. We examined vitamin D status at baseline and 90 days post intervention and after 90 days follow up i.e. 0-day and 180-day.

Results: At baseline 65% children and 85% mothers were Vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D<50nmol/L]. While significantly increase was observed in serum 25(OH)D levels by 23.55 and 17.2, respectively child and mother after 90 days supplementating calcium with vitamin D. Calcium and alkaline phosphatase level decrease in both groups (Group A and Group B) of child and mother pair. After 90 days post intervention and 90 days phoning follow up only 21.4% children and 16.7% mothers were vitamin D sufficient.

Conclusion: Calcium with vitamin D supplement for 90 days, resulted in a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels of both child and mother pair.