Background: The thyroid gland is supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and sometimes by the thyroidea ima artery. Variations in the site of origin of the arterial supply of the thyroid gland are prevalent and very regularly described. Aim: The goal of this narrative review is to examine the currently available information regarding variances in the thyroid gland arterial supply and its origin.

Methods: In the present study, we investigated 24 publications from previous studies concerning the origin site of arterial supply to the thyroid gland in dissected cadavers, surgical entrances, and angiographic investigations.

Results: The obtained data proved commonly evident that the superior thyroid artery is primarily derived from the external carotid artery and may be a branch of the common carotid artery. In contrast, the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk and may be a branch of the subclavian, vertebral, and common carotid arteries, or may be absent. If the thyroidea ima artery is present, it mainly originates from the aortic arch, and it may also branch off the internal thoracic, subclavian, and common carotid arteries.