Background: Nutritional management is one of the cornerstones of diabetes care and education. Energy intake and essential nutrients should aim to maintain ideal body weight, optimal growth and development and help to prevent acute and chronic complications. Understanding the body composition of diabetic children is vital for monitoring response to treatment and managing resulting weight changes.

Aim: To assess anthropometric measurements and body Composition in pediatric patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus versus healthy controls.

Patients and methods: This is a case- control study carried out from 1^st of May 2024 to 31^st of August 2024 in Pediatrics Endocrinology outpatient clinic of Central Child’s Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. The study was carried on 50 diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls their age group ranges from (7-15 years) and who are assessed through distribution of detailed questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and body composition evaluation.

Results: There is significant difference in Z score means (Wt for age, Ht for age, and MUAC for age) between diabetic patients and healthy controls. (P value 0.024, 0.027 and 0.0001 respectively). The body composition parameters were found to be statistically non-significant.