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VOL. 11, ISSUE 5 (2025)
A review on the impact of fluoride exposure on kidney function in water-fluoridated populations
Authors
Dr. Manish Sharma, Dr Heena Sachdeva
Abstract
Fluoride is commonly added to drinking water to prevent dental caries,
yet concerns persist about its potential nephrotoxic effects, especially in
areas with high fluoride levels. This review examines evidence from animal
models, human biomarker studies, and epidemiological data on the renal impacts
of fluoride exposure. Animal studies consistently show fluoride-induced damage
to renal tubules. Human studies, particularly from regions with fluoride levels
exceeding 1.5 mg/L, report reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), elevated
urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, and ultrastructural renal damage. Children
and individuals with pre-existing kidney disease appear more vulnerable.
Fluoride accumulation in renal tissue and impaired clearance may create a
feedback loop that worsens toxicity. However, most data are observational and
subject to confounding factors like co-exposure to heavy metals. At recommended
levels (~0.7 mg/L), fluoride in drinking water poses minimal risk to healthy
individuals, but sensitive populations may need additional monitoring. More
longitudinal and mechanistic research is essential to determine safe exposure
thresholds and inform public health policies.
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Pages:33-38
How to cite this article:
Dr. Manish Sharma, Dr Heena Sachdeva "A review on the impact of fluoride exposure on kidney function in water-fluoridated populations". International Journal of Medical and Health Research, Vol 11, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 33-38
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