Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss, often significantly impacting patients' psychological and social well-being. Current treatments have variable efficacy and limited reliability, creating a need for targeted therapies. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a promising option by modulating immune pathways involved in AA pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in treating alopecia areata.

Methods: This comparative study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Community Based Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from July2024 to December 2023. A total of 60 patients (aged 18–65 years) with >50% hair loss were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received a placebo, while Group B was treated with the JAK inhibitor deuruxolitinib (12 mg twice daily for 24 weeks). Follow-up data were collected at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: In this study, Group B, which received the Jak inhibitor, showed a significant reduction in the mean SALT score, from 78.7±9.3 at baseline to 11.3±3.3 at 24 weWomen's Rightseks (p<0.001). In contrast, Group A, which received the placebo, had no significant change in SALT scores (p=0.104). Furthermore, 56.7% of participants in Group B were satisfied with the treatment, compared to only 6.7% in Group A.

Conclusion: The study concludes that Jak inhibitor treatment significantly reduces alopecia severity in patients, as indicated by the SALT score. Participants receiving the treatment showed marked improvement and higher satisfaction compared to those receiving the placebo.