Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that can affect communication, social interaction, and daily functioning. Difficulties in adaptive Behavior may influence a child’s independence and participation in everyday activities. Assessing adaptive Behavior helps identify individual strengths and areas requiring support. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3), provides a structured assessment of adaptive functioning and can support individualized rehabilitation planning.

Aim: To assess adaptive Behavior in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition.

Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted among 79 children with ASD. Adaptive Behavior was assessed using the Vineland-3 Parent/Caregiver Form across Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization, Motor Skills, and the Adaptive Behavior Composite (ABC). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the standard scores.

Results: The mean age of participants was 5.78 ± 1.48 years. Daily Living Skills demonstrated the highest mean standard score (105.14 ± 11.24), whereas Motor Skills showed the lowest (93.88 ± 11.63). The mean ABC score was 99.26 ± 12.29. Regarding adaptive Behavior classification, 57.0% of children were categorized in the below-average range, 12.7% had significant adaptive deficits, 18.8% were in the average range, and 12.5% were in the above-average range. The Shapiro–Wilk test indicated no statistically significant departure from normality for Communication (p = 0.764), Daily Living Skills (p = 0.331), Socialization (p = 0.161), Motor Skills (p = 0.524), or the ABC (p = 0.447).

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate variation in adaptive functioning among children with ASD, with differences across individual domains. Although Daily Living Skills had the highest mean score, Motor Skills had the lowest, highlighting the importance of evaluating specific functional abilities alongside overall adaptive functioning. From a physiotherapy perspective, understanding motor-related adaptive skills may help identify everyday activity limitations and participation needs. These findings support the importance of individualized, function-oriented rehabilitation planning to promote independence and daily functioning. However, the results should be interpreted considering the sample size and descriptive study design.